An unprecedented pair of Z/E isomeric pyridinium compound from the aqueous extract of Aspongopus chinensis Dallas / 药学学报

A novel pair of Z/E isomeric compounds with unprecedented carbon skeleton were isolated from an aqueous extract of Aspongopus chinensis Dallas by macroporous resin, silica gel, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Mass spectroscopy (MS) and other spectroscopic methods as (Z)-3-(but-1″-en-1″-yl)-1-(2ʹ-hydroxyethyl)-4-propylpyridin-1-ium, namely aspongopyridine A, and (E)-3-(but-1″-en-1″-yl)-1-(2ʹ-hydroxyethyl)-4-propylpyridin-1-ium, namely aspongopyridine B, respectively. Besides, the anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, acetylcholinesterase inhibition and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activities of the compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 have no anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activities instead of weak acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity.

Precise flap surgery for reconstruction of knee defects / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To introduce the concept and procedures of precise flap surgery in construction of knee defects and to report the preliminary clinical outcomes.Methods:The data of 16 patients with knee defects at 17 sides were retrospectively analyzed who had been treated under the guidance of the concept of precise flap surgery at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 920th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA from August 2014 to March 2022. There were 12 males and 4 females, aged 44(34, 54) years. The wounds were at the left side in 8 cases, at the right side in 7 ones and at bilateral sides in one, and their sizes ranged from 5 cm×3 cm to 15 cm×11 cm. The time from injury to surgery was 8.5(6.0, 13.0) days. Optimal repair protocols were chosen after the donor and recipient sites were evaluated according to the methods of precise flap surgery: a retrograde anterolateral thigh flap in 7 sides, a descending genicular artery perforator flap in 3 ones, a saphenous artery flap in 2 ones, and a superior genicular lateral artery perforator flap, a popliteal artery perforator flap, a medial sural perforator propeller flap, a peroneal artery perforator propeller flap, and a randomized flap in one, respectively. The flap sizes ranged from 10 cm×6 cm to 15 cm×15 cm. The outcomes and complications of skin flap repair, and functional recovery of the affected limb were recorded.Results:All the flaps at 17 sides survived after surgery; 3 cases developed distal edge necrosis which responded to dressing change. The follow-ups for the 16 patients were 14.5(10.0, 28.0) months. All the flaps presented with good color, texture and contour. Flap bulking, local osteomyelitis, and scar ulcer was found in one case respectively. According to the revascularization assessments in the digital replantation criteria by Hand Surgery Society, Chinese Medical Association, all the flaps at 17 sides were excellent. Accoding to the knee functional evaluation of Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) at the last follow-up, the 17 affected limbs scored 86(80,91) points, yielding 9 excellent, 7 good and 1 fair sides.Conclusion:Although the defects and donor sites around the knee vary greatly, precise flap surgery may lead to effective control of the variations, choice of an optimal reconstruction protocol, and precise wound repair.

Effect of anodal or cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation on upper limb function of stroke patients / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of anodal or cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS and ctDCS) on upper limb function of stroke patients with moderate to severe upper extremity impairment. MethodsFrom January to September, 2022, 69 patients in Zhongda Hospital Southeast University were randomly divided into control group (n = 23), atDCS group (n = 23) and ctDCS group (n = 23). All the groups received conventional rehabilitation. Moreover, atDCS group received atDCS over the M1 area of the affected hemisphere, ctDCS group received ctDCS over the M1 area of the unaffected hemisphere, and the control group received placebo stimulation. Before and four weeks after treatment, they were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and modified Barthel index (MBI). ResultsBefore treatment, there was no significant difference in the scores of FMA-UE, WMFT and MBI among groups (F < 1.165, P > 0.05). After treatment, all the scores improved significantly in all the groups (|t| > 6.412, P < 0.001), and were higher in the atDCS group and ctDCS group than in the control group (P < 0.05), however, no significant difference was found between the atDCS group and ctDCS group (P > 0.05). ConclusionBoth atDCS and ctDCS could improve the upper limb motor function and activities of daily living of stroke patients with moderate to severe upper extremity impairment.

Analysis of the results of colonoscopy in a regional central hospital in Shanghai from the perspective of screening / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo compare the differences between residents who did and who did not participate in a community colorectal cancer screening based on the results of their colorectal colonoscopy and explore the reasons. MethodsThe residents who underwent a colonoscopy in a central hospital in Shanghai from 2017 to 2020 were divided into two groups according to whether they had been screened in the community， and t test and χ2 test were used to compare the results of the colonoscopy （detection of lesions） of the examinees with different ages， genders， whether they had a history of colorectal cancer， and whether they had been screened in the community. The correlation between whether they had participated in the community screening and the detection of lesions was analyzed by the logistic regression model. ResultsFrom 2017 to 2020， the hospital had performed a colonoscopy for 6 389 people， and 3 623 lesions were detected， with a detection rate of 56.71%. There were 413 residents who had been screened in the community， accounting for 6.46% of the total number of those receiving a colonoscopy. 243 patients were found with pathological changes， with a detection rate of 58.84%. Compared with the residents who did not participate in the community screening， the proportion of adenoma and polyp was higher in those who had participated in the screening （χ2=50.44， P<0.001）. Among the residents without a history of colorectal cancer， the proportion of adenoma and polyp was higher in those who had participated in the community primary screening （χ2=51.86， P<0.001）. Among the residents who had not participated in the community screening， the proportion of residents with colorectal cancer history was higher （χ2=74.33， P<0.001）. Multivariate regression analysis showed that there was no correlation between participation in community screening and detection of any lesions by colonoscopy （OR=0.905， 95%CI： 0.734‒1.117） or detection of colorectal cancer related lesions （OR=1.113， 95%CI： 0.901‒1.375）. ConclusionThe proportion of residents who have participated in community screening among patients undergoing colonoscopy is low， but the asymptomatic population initially screened by the community and the symptomatic population not initially screened by the community are homogeneous， and the detection rate of precancerous lesions such as adenomas and polyps is high. It is suggested that local measures should be taken to improve residents' colonoscopy response rate， so as to obtain better screening benefits.

Evolutionary analysis of the VP1 gene of Echovirus 30 in Yunnan Province, China / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To study the genetic characteristics and genetic evolution of echovirus 30 (ECHO30) isolates in Yunnan Province, China.Methods:Virus isolation was performed on nucleic acid-positive samples for hand, foot, and mouth disease pathogen surveillance in Yunnan Province, and VP1 gene sequencing was performed. The sequences of eight ECHO30 isolates from Yunnan Province and the gene sequences of the VP1 region of the ECHO30 reference strain downloaded from GenBank were compared and analyzed using MEGA 5.0 software, and then a phylogenetic tree was constructed to measure the homology of nucleotides and amino acids between the isolates.Results:The ECHO30 virus was distributed in Wenshan, Qujing, Chuxiong, and Kunming in Yunnan Province. The ECHO30 virus was relatively common in Wenshan. ECHO30 isolates belonged to the H2 subtype of the H genotype, which was close to the local reference strain LC120939 in Yunnan Province. On the VP1 gene at site 5, the amino acid change ratio was more active, the amino acids were diverse, and mutations also occurred at sites 54, 156, 258, and so on. Nucleotide and amino acid homology were 84.0% - 100.0% and 98.4% - 100.0%, respectively.Conclusions:ECHO30 isolates from Yunnan Province have certain geographical characteristics and belong to H2 of the H genotype. The nucleotide differences in virus sequences among subtypes are small and have a close genetic relationship.

Effect of Erjing Pills on alleviating neuroinflammation of AD rats based on TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and its mechanism / 中国中药杂志

This paper aimed to study the effect of Erjing Pills on the improvement of neuroinflammation of rats with Alzheimer's di-sease(AD) induced by the combination of D-galactose and Aβ_(25-35) and its mechanism. SD rats were randomly divided into a sham group, a model control group, a positive drug group(donepezil, 1 mg·kg~(-1)), an Erjing Pills high-dose group(9.0 g·kg~(-1)), and an Erjing Pills low-dose group(4.5 g·kg~(-1)), with 14 rats each group. To establish the rat model of AD, Erjing Pills were intragastrically administrated to rats for 5 weeks after 2 weeks of D-galactose injection. D-galactose was intraperitoneally injected into rats for 3 weeks, and then Aβ_(25-35) was injected into the bilateral hippocampus. The new object recognition test was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of rats after 4 weeks of intragastric administration. Tissues were acquired 24 h after the last administration. The immunofluorescence method was used to detect the activation of microglia in the brain tissue of rats. The positive expressions of Aβ_(1-42) and phosphory protein Tau~(404)(p-Tau~(404)) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry. The levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the brain tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors 3(NLRP3) pathway-associated proteins in the brain tissue were determined by Western blot. The results showed that as compared with the sham group, the new object recognition index of rats in the model control group decreased significantly, the deposition of Aβ_(1-42) and p-Tau~(404) positive protein in the hippocampus increased significantly, and the levels of microglia activation increased significantly in the dentate gyrus. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the hippocampus of the model control group increased significantly, and the expression levels of TLR4, p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65, p-IκBα/IκBα, and NLRP3 proteins in the hippocampus increased significantly. Compared with the model control group, the Erjing Pill groups enhanced the new object recognition index of rats, decreased the deposition of Aβ_(1-42) and the expression of p-Tau~(404) positive protein in the hippocampus, inhibited the activation of microglia in the dentate gyrus, reduced the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the hippocampus, and down-regulated the expression levels of TLR4, p-NF-κB P65/NF-κB P65, p-IκBα/IκBα, and NLRP3 proteins in the hippocampus. In conclusion, Erjing Pills can improve the learning and memory ability of the rat model of AD presumably by improving the activation of microglia, reducing the expression levels of neuroinflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 neuroinflammation pathway, and decreasing hippocampal deposition of Aβ and expression of p-Tau, thereby restoring the hippocampal morphological structure.

Characteristics and prevention of sports injuries in adolescent soccer / Características e prevenção de lesões esportivas no futebol adolescente / Características y prevención de lesiones deportivas en el fútbol adolescente

ABSTRACT Introduction: This year is the year of the soccer World Cup. With the adult team unable to participate in the World Cup, society's attention has turned to college soccer. However, as a highly aggressive sport, soccer will inevitably cause various sports injuries. Objective: Investigate the causes and characteristics of sports injuries of young school soccer players in some areas of China, and propose measures to prevent and control sports injuries. Methods: A total of 1024 adolescents aged 6 to 17 years were research volunteers; the causes and characteristics of sports injuries of these young college soccer players were investigated through field investigation, questionnaire survey, expert interview, and mathematical analysis. Results: The results of the survey show that 73.2% (750 people) of the respondents have suffered sports injuries, among which the common injuries in elementary school (6-12 years old) are knee and upper limb joints, and the common injuries in middle school (12-17 years old) are mainly ankle and knee joints, with the same characteristics as adult players. The degree of injury in different segments is the same, with mild injuries being the most common, followed by moderate and severe. As the learning period increased, the mild injuries decreased significantly, while the moderate and severe injuries showed an increasing trend. Most injuries occurred in the summer, with the injury rate during training significantly higher than during competition. The causes of injuries are different in different age groups. Conclusion: Young school soccer players are prone to sports injuries in the sporting process, and specific preventive measures are needed to prevent these injuries from causing adverse effects on young players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Este ano é o ano da Copa do Mundo de futebol. Com o time adulto impossibilitado de participar da Copa do Mundo, a atenção da sociedade voltou-se para o futebol universitário. Entretanto, o futebol, como um esporte altamente agressivo, inevitavelmente causará várias lesões esportivas. Objetivo: Investigar as causas e características das lesões esportivas de jovens jogadores de futebol escolar em algumas áreas da China, propondo medidas de prevenção e controle das lesões esportivas. Métodos: Um total de 1024 adolescentes entre 6 e 17 anos foram voluntários de pesquisa, as causas e características das lesões esportivas desses jovens jogadores de futebol universitário foram investigadas por meio de investigação de campo, pesquisa de questionário, entrevista com especialistas e análise matemática. Resultados: Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que 73,2% (750 pessoas) dos entrevistados sofreram lesões esportivas, entre as quais as lesões comuns na escola primária (6-12 anos de idade) são as articulações do joelho e membros superiores, e as lesões comuns na escola média (12-17 anos de idade) são principalmente as articulações do tornozelo e joelhos, com as mesmas características dos jogadores adultos. O grau de lesão em diferentes segmentos é o mesmo, sendo as lesões leves as mais comuns, seguidas de moderadas e severas. Com o aumento do período de aprendizagem, as lesões leves diminuíram significativamente, enquanto as moderadas e severas mostraram uma tendência crescente. A maioria das lesões ocorreu no verão, sendo a taxa de lesões durante o treinamento significativamente maior do que durante a competição. As causas das lesões são diferentes em diferentes faixas etárias. Conclusão: Os jovens jogadores de futebol escolar são propensos a lesões esportivas no processo esportivo, sendo necessárias as medidas preventivas específicas para evitar que essas lesões causem os efeitos adversos nos jovens jogadores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Este año es el año del Mundial de Fútbol. Ante la imposibilidad de que la selección adulta participe en el Mundial, la atención de la sociedad se ha dirigido al fútbol universitario. Sin embargo, el fútbol, como deporte altamente agresivo, provocará inevitablemente diversas lesiones deportivas. Objetivo: Investigar las causas y características de las lesiones deportivas de los jóvenes futbolistas escolares en algunas zonas de China, proponiendo medidas para prevenir y controlar las lesiones deportivas. Métodos: Un total de 1024 adolescentes de entre 6 y 17 años fueron voluntarios de la investigación, se investigaron las causas y características de las lesiones deportivas de estos jóvenes futbolistas universitarios mediante una investigación de campo, una encuesta con cuestionario, una entrevista con expertos y un análisis matemático. Resultados: Los resultados de la investigación muestran que el 73,2% (750 personas) de los encuestados han sufrido lesiones deportivas, entre las cuales las lesiones comunes en la escuela primaria (6-12 años) son las articulaciones de la rodilla y del miembro superior, y las lesiones comunes en la escuela media (12-17 años) son principalmente las articulaciones del tobillo y de la rodilla, con las mismas características que los jugadores adultos. El grado de lesión en los distintos segmentos es el mismo, siendo las lesiones leves las más comunes, seguidas de las moderadas y las graves. Con el aumento del periodo de aprendizaje, las lesiones leves disminuyeron significativamente, mientras que las lesiones moderadas y graves mostraron una tendencia al alza. La mayoría de las lesiones se produjeron en verano, y el índice de lesiones durante el entrenamiento fue significativamente mayor que durante la competición. Las causas de las lesiones son diferentes en los distintos grupos de edad. Conclusión: Los jóvenes futbolistas escolares son propensos a sufrir lesiones deportivas en el proceso deportivo, y se necesitan medidas preventivas específicas para evitar que estas lesiones causen efectos adversos en los jóvenes jugadores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Correlation of gene mutations and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer tissues with clinicopathological features of patients / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To explore KRAS, NRAS, BRAF gene mutations and microsatellite instability(MSI) in colorectal cancer tissues as well as their correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 473 colorectal cancer patients in Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from October 2020 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The mutation status of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF gene in the paraffin tissues were detected by using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-capillary electrophoresis was used to analyze MSI status, and the correlation of the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with gene mutations and MSI status was analyzed.Results:The mutation rates of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF were 45.03% (213/473), 2.96% (14/473) and 5.50% (26/473), respectively in 473 patients with colorectal cancer. No case harbored both 2 gene mutations was detected. The mutation rate of KRAS gene in well differentiated adenocarcinoma was higher than that in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma [47.4% (175/369) vs. 36.5% (38/104), χ2 = 3.89, P = 0.049]. NRAS mutation rate in female was higher than that in male [5.0% (10/202) vs. 1.5% (4/271), χ2 = 4.86, P = 0.027], and the NRAS mutation rate in patients with tumor diameter ≤ 3 cm was higher than that in those with tumor diameter >3 cm [7.1% (7/98) vs. 1.9% (7/375), P = 0.013]. BRAF mutation rate of tumors located in colon was higher than that in rectum [11.7% (20/171) vs.2.0% (6/302), χ2 = 19.81, P < 0.001]; BRAF mutation rate in poorly differentiated tumor was higher than that in well differentiated tumor [10.6% (11/104) vs. 4.1% (15/369), χ2 = 6.62, P = 0.010]; BRAF mutation rate in patients with mucus was higher than that in those without mucus [10.9% (11/101) vs. 4.0% (15/372), χ2 = 7.19, P = 0.007]; BRAF mutation rate in patients with lymphatic metastasis was higher than that in patients without lymphatic metastasis [8.2% (15/182) vs.3.8% (11/291), χ2 = 4.29, P = 0.038]. The incidence of high frequency MSI (MSI-H) in 473 colorectal cancer tissues was 7.19% (34/473). The incidence of MSI-H in colon was higher than that in rectum [14.0% (24/171) vs. 3.3% (10/302), χ2 = 18.82, P < 0.001]; the incidence of MSI-H in patient with poor differentiated tumor was higher than that in those with well differentiated tumor [17.3% (18/104) vs. 4.3% (16/369), χ2 = 20.46, P < 0.001]; the incidence of MSI-H in patients with mucus was higher than that in those without mucus [11.9% (12/101) vs. 5.9% (22/372), χ2 = 4.24, P = 0.039]; and the incidence of MSI-H in patients without lymphatic metastasis was higher than that in patients with lymphatic metastasis [10.0% (29/291) vs. 2.7% (5/182), χ2 = 8.75, P = 0.003]. In addition, the incidence of MSI-H was on the rise in patients with BRAF mutation ( P < 0.001). Conclusions:KRAS, NRAS, BRAF gene mutations and MSI status are correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with colorectal cancer; there is a close relationship between MSI-H and BRAF mutation.

The concept and preliminary practice of precise flap surgery based on CTA / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To introduce the concept and procedure of CTA guided precision flap surgery and report the preliminary clinical application.Methods:The theory of CTA guided precision flap surgery is: based on CTA high-throughput data, comprehensively evaluate the wound and potential donor sites, and select the best plan for wound repair. This article reviews 177 patients treated under the guidance of CTA guided precision flap surgery from August 2014 to December 2018. Among them, 131 were males and 46 were females; they were 7-72 years old, with an average age of 39.5 years. The tissue defects were: 74 cases of foot and ankle, 64 cases of wrist, 15 cases of calf, 11 cases of forearm and upper arm, 7 cases of thigh and perineum, 5 cases of face and neck, and 1 case of abdomen. The size of the defect was 2 cm×1 cm to 65 cm×50 cm. The recipient and donor sites were assessed based on CTA guided precision flap surgery, then choose the optimal flap to repair the defect. The flap types, outcomes and complications were recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS), British Medical Research Council sensory rating scale, and revascularization assessments of digital replantation standard by Hand Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association was used to assess clinical results.Results:All flaps were uneventfully harvested as planned according to the CTA guided precision flap surgery concept.A total number of 181 flaps were harvested, including 125 free flaps and 56 pedicled flaps. The flap area rangedfrom 4 cm×3 cm to 40 cm×8 cm. After surgery, 165 cases were survival completely, 7 cases were total necrosis, 9 cases were partial necrosis. A total of 174 cases of flaps survived. The mean follow-up was 9.2 months (range, 6-60 months). After surgery 53 flaps were bulky, and 7 cases with other complications.At the last follow-up, only 6 patients had mild pain, the VAS score was 1-3. The sensation of the flaps recovered partially. According to the British Medical Research Council sensory rating scale: 68 cases were grade S2 and 106 cases were grade S3. According to the revascularization assessments of digital replantation standard by Hand Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association, 171 cases were excellent and 3 cases were good.Conclusion:The concept of precision flap surgery based on CTA can effectively guide flap surgery and achieve precise wound repair.

Agreement of manual, semi-automatic, and automatic measurements in measuring diameters and volumes of solid pulmonary nodules / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To assess the agreement of manual measurement, semi-automatic measurement based on computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), and automatic measurement based on artificial intelligence (AI) in measuring diameters and volumes of solid pulmonary nodules.Methods:The clinical and low dose CT (LDCT) data of 165 participants in lung cancer screening of Sichuan Cancer Hospital from July 2018 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The largest nodule of each participant was selected to analyze, and its diameter and volume were measured by one junior and one senior radiologist using manual measurement, semi-automatic measurement based on CAD, and automatic measurement based on AI. Referring to Lung CT imaging reporting and data system (Lung-RADS, version 1.1), all nodules were classified into Lung-RADS 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 4X categories and low and high risk groups according to the diameter and volume measured by different measurement methods. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and paired t-test were used to compare the differences in the diameter and volume of lung nodules measured by different methods. The consistency of the three methods in measuring nodule diameter and volume was assessed by the correlation coefficient (ICC). Linear weighted Kappa coefficient was applied to assess the consistency of different measurement methods in Lung-RADS classification results; simple Kappa coefficient was applied to assess the consistency of different methods in high and low risk grouping results. Results:Difference in the diameters of pulmonary nodules measured by manual measurement, semi-automatic measurement based on CAD, and automatic measurement based on AI was statistically significant [(14.9±6.3) mm, (17.0±6.7) mm, (15.0±5.7) mm, F=88.39, P<0.001], and the pairwise comparisons showed that there was significant difference between semi-automatic measurement based on CAD and manual measurement method ( t=10.97, P<0.001), semi-automatic measurement based on CAD and automatic measurement based on AI ( t=10.07, P<0.001), but no significant difference between manual measurement method and automatic measurement based on AI method ( t=1.04, P=0.301). There was no significant difference in the measurement of pulmonary nodule volumes between the semi-automatic measurement and the automatic measurement method based on AI ( Z=0.70, P=0.482). The consistency of pulmonary nodules diameter measured by different measurement methods was high (ICC>0.75), and the consistency of semi-automatic and automatic measurement of lung nodule volume was high (ICC=0.927). The consistency of three methods for lung-RADS classification and high-and low-risk grouping according to nodule diameter was good (Kappa>0.80). The agreements between the semi-automatic measurement and the automatic measurement method for Lung-RADS classification and high-and low-risk grouping according to nodule volume were good (Kappa>0.80). Conclusion:In terms of diameter measurement of solid pulmonary nodules, automatic measurement based on AI is more consistent with manual measurement than semi-automatic measurement based on CAD. The agreement between automatic measurement and semi-automatic measurement is high in terms of volume measurement.

Influential factors of psychological state and their correlation with nutritional risk in patients undergoing thoracic tumor radiotherapy / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients undergoing thoracic tumor radiotherapy, preliminarily evaluate the nutritional risk of patients, and analyze the possible influential factors of anxiety and depression and their correlation with nutritional risk, providing a theoretical basis for further formulating a personalized psychological nursing plan for patients undergoing thoracic tumor radiotherapy.Methods:A total of 121 patients who underwent thoracic tumor radiotherapy between April 2019 and March 2020 in Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences were selected for this study. We evaluated patients' psychological statuses using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and patients' nutritional risk using the Nutrition Risk Screening. We performed univariate analysis, unconditional logistic regression analysis, and contingency analysis to analyze the factors that affected the psychological status of patients undergoing thoracic tumor radiotherapy and correlate patients' psychological status with nutritional risk.Results:Among 121 patients, 99 (81.8%) patients undergoing thoracic tumor radiotherapy would develop or had developed anxiety, and 42 (34.7%) patients were at the boundary of depression or had depression. Correlation analysis revealed that nutritional risk was correlated with the prevalence of anxiety and depression. Logistic regression analysis showed that surgery, first radiotherapy, and nutritional risk were the factors that affected the prevalence of anxiety. Marital status, location of tumors, surgery, first radiotherapy, and nutritional risk affected the prevalence of depression.Conclusion:Patients undergoing thoracic tumor radiotherapy have serious psychological problems. Nutritional risk is positively correlated with the prevalence of anxiety and depression. Surgery and first radiotherapy are the factors that affect the prevalence of anxiety and depression.

A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of Current Research Trends in Chinese Medicine for Osteosarcoma / 中国结合医学杂志

BACKGROUND@#To illustrate the research framework, overall knowledge structure, and development trends of Chinese medicine (CM) treatment for osteosarcoma (OS) by using a bibliometric analysis and newly developed visualization tools.@*METHODS@#Research datasets were acquired from the Web of Science (WOS) database from January 1, 1980 to September 30, 2019. VOS viewer and Citespace software was used to analyze the data and generate visualization knowledge maps. Annual trends of publications, distribution of institutes, distribution of journals, citation and H-index status, co-authorship status, research hotspots and co-citation status were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 223 publications in the WOS database met the requirement. The number of published articles showed a rise but the citation frequency and the H-index of China were relatively low. The cooperation between the countries, institutes and authors were relatively weak. Most publications were basic researches. Most of the previous researches focused on basic mechanisms of CM in treating OS, and therapy and improvement of dosage form may become a frontier in this research field.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with other fields, the field of CM treatment for osteosarcome is still in infancy. The distribution of researches is imbalanced and cooperation between countries, institutions and authors remains to be strengthened. Furthermore, basic research occupies an absolute dominant position, and the exploration of the molecular mechanism of CM in preventing and treating OS may become a key point in the future.

Circumflex scapular perforator propeller flap for reconstruction of axillary scar contractures / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To estimate the preliminary result of circumflex scapular perforator propeller flap in reconstruction of axillary scar contractures.Methods:From January 2016 to June 2021, circumflex scapular perforator propeller flaps were used in 7 cases for reconstruction of soft tissue defect after axillary scar contractures. Patients were 5 males and 2 females. Age ranged from 23 to 38 years old, mean age of 27.7 years old. According to Kurtzman and Stern classification of axillary scar contractures, there were 1 case with type 1a, 1 with type 1b, 2 with type 2, and 3 with type 3. The preoperative range of motion of the shoulder joint were 40°-85°, with an average of 63.7°. All the patients were underwent scar release and circumflex scapular perforator propeller flap transfer. All flaps were transferred as the manner of perforator propeller flap. All the donor sites were closed directly. The defects after releasing ranged from 5.0 cm×7.0 cm to 11.0 cm×9.0 cm, and the flaps ranged from 16.0 cm×7.0 cm to 24.0 cm×9.0 cm. Flap survival, complications of donor site and recipient site were recorded after surgery. The range of motion of the shoulder joint, donor and recipient sites were reviewed in outpatient clinic.Results:All flaps survived uneventfully after surgery, besides 1 case complicated with distal venous congestion. The follow-up time ranged from 6 to 23 months, with an average of 12 months. The texture and contour of the flaps were good in all. At last follow-up, the range of motion of the shoulder joints were 90°-120°, with an average of 107°. Mild scar hyperplasia occurred in 2 cases.Conclusion:The circumflex scapular perforator propeller flap is an effective protocol in reconstruction of axillary scar contractures.

Pathogen surveillance and genetic characteristics of coxsackievirus A6 and A16 in children with hand, foot and mouth disease in Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province, 2020 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To analyze the etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases and to investigate the genetic characteristics of VP1 region of coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) and CVA16 strains in Wenshan prefecture of Yunnan Province in 2020.Methods:Virus RNA was extracted directly from stool samples of children with HFMD in Wenshan prefecture of Yunnan Province in 2020. Enterovirus (EV) VP4/VP2 junction region was amplified using MD91/OL68-1 primers and sequenced, and then the serotypes of EV isolates were preliminarily identified. Amplification and sequencing of the complete VP1 gene were performed. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA 5.2 software with the reference strains from GenBank. Genetic and molecular epidemiological characteristics of CVA6 and CVA16 were analyzed.Results:Thirty-two strains of EV and one strain of astrovirus MLB1 were detected in 317 specimens with an overall virus detection rate of 10.41% (33/317). Among the 32 EV strains, 31 (96.88%) were enterovirus species A (EVA) and one (3.12%) was EVB. EVC and EVD were not detected. CVA6 was the predominant EV, accounting for 62.50% (20/32), followed by CVA16 (18.75%, 6/32), CVA4 (9.37%, 3/32) and CVA10 (3.12%, 1/32). EVA71 was not detected. The phylogenetic analysis showed 20 CVA6 strains belonged to D3a sub-genotype and could be further divided into three clusters. Six CVA16 strains belonged to B1a sub-genotype, which was one of the predominant genotypes circulating in China, and could be divided into two clusters.Conclusions:The detection rate of pathogens causing HFMD in Wenshan prefecture in 2020 was 10.41% and the most common etiologic agents were CVA6 and CVA16. Based on the genetic analysis of the VP1 gene, the predominant genotype circulating in Wenshan prefecture in 2020 was CVA6 D3a sub-genotype, followed by CVA16 B1a sub-genotype. EVA71 was not detected.

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on the picture naming and phonemic fluency of aphasics / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the speed and accuracy of picture naming and on the phonological fluency of aphasic stroke survivors.Methods:Twenty-four stroke survivors with aphasia were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 12. In addition to language training and picture naming training, the observation group received 20 minutes of tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) daily, 5 days a week for 2 weeks. The control group was given sham stimulation. Before and after the 2 weeks of treatment, both groups were tested for picture naming and phonological fluency.Results:Significant improvement in the number of accurately pronounced high-frequency words and in reaction time was observed in both groups, but the observation group′s average reaction time for high-frequency words was significantly shorter than the control group′s average. The observation group′s average reaction time for low-frequency words had also improved significantly. After the 2 weeks of treatment, the phonological fluency of the observation group was significantly better than before the treatment and better than that of the control group.Conclusions:tDCS applied over the left DLPFC of stroke survivors with aphasia can promote lexical retrieval and strengthen their executive and control functioning.

Synthesis and biological activities of three-molecule conjugates with para-aminosalicylic acid as parent nucleus / 药学学报

Based on the idea of multi-target drug design, taking p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) as the parent nucleus, the unreported target molecules TM1 and TM2 were designed with PAS, isonicotinic acid and fluoroquinolone as three structural units conjugated by different linkers. Sixteen target molecules were synthesized by multi-step reaction, and their activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. The results showed that the anti-tuberculosis activity of TM2a was stronger than those of the assayed fluoroquinolones, while TM1a was comparable to that of clinafloxacin, the most active compound of the positive control fluoroquinolones; TM1a showed the strongest inhibitory activity to all almost tested strains, TM1b and TM2a showed very strong inhibitory activity to most strains, and TM1h/2h had strong inhibitory activity to some strains; The inhibitory activities of TM1a/1h on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC14125 are much stronger than those of fluoroquinolones, which eminently deserves further study. The hemolysis test results showed that the highly active molecules TM1a and TM2a exhibited relative safety below the concentrations of 8 and 32 μg·mL-1, respectively. In this study, a new hybrid molecule of three molecular pharmacophores with PAS as the parent nucleus was synthesized for the first time, and some of which have highly strong antibacterial activity, which provides a new idea for the research and development of antibiotics.

Detection of DNA methylation of HYAL2 gene for differentiating malignant from benign thyroid tumors / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the value of DNA methylation level of HYAL2 gene as a molecular marker for differential diagnosis of malignant and benign thyroid tumors.@*METHODS@#DNA methylation of HYAL2 gene in tissue specimens of 190 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and 190 age- and gender-matched patients with benign thyroid tumors was examined by mass spectrometry, and the protein expression of HYAL2 was detected immunohistochemically for another 55 pairs of patients. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and evaluate the correlation of per 10% reduction in DNA methylation with PTC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the predictive value of alterations in HYAL2 methylation.@*RESULTS@#Hypomethylation of HYAL2_CpG_3 was significantly correlated with early-stage PTC (OR=1.51, P=0.001), even in stage I cancer (OR=1.42, P=0.007). Age-stratified analysis revealed a significantly stronger correlation between increased HYAL2_CpG_ 3 methylation and early-stage PTC in patients below 50 years than in those older than 50 years (OR: 1.89 vs 1.37, P < 0.05); ROC analysis also showed a larger AUC of 0.787 in younger patients. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that patients with PTC had significantly higher protein expressions of HYAL2 than patients with benign tumors.@*CONCLUSION@#The alterations of DNA methylation level of HYAL2 gene is significantly correlated with early-stage PTC, suggesting the value of DNA methylation level as a potential biomarker for differentiation of malignant from benign thyroid tumors.

Changes of heparin-binding protein in severe burn patients during shock stage and its effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and neutrophils / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the changes of heparin-binding protein (HBP) in severe burn patients during shock stage and its effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and neutrophils in vitro. Methods: Prospective observational and experimental research methods were used. Twenty severe burn patients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August to November 2020 were included in severe burn group (12 males and 8 females, aged 44.5 (31.0, 58.0) years). During the same period, 20 healthy volunteers with normal physical examination results in the unit's Physical Examination Center were recruited into healthy control group (13 males and 7 females, aged 39.5 (26.0, 53.0) years). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect the protein expression levels of HBP and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in plasma of patients within 48 hours after injury in severe burn group and in plasma of volunteers in healthy control group. The correlation between protein expression of HBP and that of TIMP-1 in the plasma in the two groups was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. The fourth passage of HUVECs in logarithmic growth phase were used for the experiment. The HUVECs were divided into normal control group with routine culture (the same treatment below) and recombinant HBP (rHBP)-treated 12 h group, rHBP-treated 24 h group, and rHBP-treated 48 h group with corresponding treatment according to the random number table (the same grouping method below), and the mRNA expression of TIMP-1 in cells was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The HUVECs were divided into normal control group and rHBP-treated 48 h group with corresponding treatment, and the protein expression of TIMP-1 in the cells was detected by Western blotting. The HUVECs were divided into normal control group, rHBP alone group, aprotinin alone group, and rHBP+aprotinin group treated with the corresponding reagents (with the final molarity of rHBP being 200 nmol/L and the final concentration of aprotinin being 20 μg/mL, respectively), cultured for 48 h, and ELISA was used to detect the protein expression of TIMP-1 in the culture supernatant of cells. The neutrophils were isolated from the peripheral venous blood of the aforementioned 10 healthy volunteers by immunomagnetic bead sorting, and the cells were divided into normal control group, recombinant TIMP-1 (rTIMP-1) alone group, phorbol acetate (PMA) alone group, and rTIMP-1+PMA group treated with corresponding reagents (with the final concentration of rTIMP-1 being 500 ng/mL and the final molarity of PMA being 10 nmol/L, respectively). After being cultured for 1 h, the expression of CD63 protein in cells was detected by immunofluorescence method, the positive expression rate of CD63 protein in cells was detected by flow cytometry, and the protein expression levels of HBP and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the culture supernatant of cells were detected by ELISA. The normal control group underwent the above-mentioned related tests at appropriate time points. The number of samples was 3 in each group of cell experiment. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Tamhane's T2 test. Results: The protein expression levels of HBP and TIMP-1 in the plasma of patients in severe burn group were 404.9 (283.1, 653.2) and 262.1 (240.6, 317.4) ng/mL, respectively, which were both significantly higher than 61.6 (45.0, 68.9) and 81.0 (66.3, 90.0) ng/mL of volunteers in healthy control group (with Z values of -5.41 and -5.21, respectively, P<0.01). The correlation between the protein expression of HBP and that of TIMP-1 in the plasma of volunteers in healthy control group was not strong (P>0.05). The protein expression of HBP was significantly positively correlated with that of TIMP-1 in the plasma of patients in severe burn group (r=0.64, P<0.01). Compared with that in normal control group, the mRNA expression of TIMP-1 in HUVECs was significantly increased in rHBP-treated 12 h group, rHBP-treated 24 h group, and rHBP-treated 48 h group (with t values of -3.58, -2.25, and -1.26, respectively, P<0.05). Western blotting detection showed that compared with that in normal control group, the protein expression of TIMP-1 in HUVECs in rHBP-treated 48 h group was significantly enhanced. After 48 h of culture, compared with that in normal control group, the protein expression level of TIMP-1 in the culture supernatant of HUVECs in rHBP alone group was significantly increased (t=9.43, P<0.05), while the protein expression level of TIMP-1 in the culture supernatant of HUVECs didn't change significantly in aprotinin alone group or rHBP+aprotinin group (P>0.05); compared with that in rHBP alone group, the protein expression level of TIMP-1 in the culture supernatant of HUVECs in rHBP+aprotinin group was significantly decreased (t=4.76, P<0.01). After 1 h of culture, the trend of CD63 protein expression in neutrophils detected by immunofluorescence method and that by flow cytometry were consistent in each group. After 1 h of culture, compared with that in normal control group, the positive expression rate of CD63 protein in the neutrophils and the protein expression levels of HBP and MPO in the culture supernatant of cells in rTIMP-1 alone group all had no significant changes (P>0.05), while the positive expression rate of CD63 protein in the neutrophils and the protein expression levels of HBP and MPO in the culture supernatant of cells were all significantly increased in PMA alone group and rTIMP-1+PMA group (with t values of 2.41, 3.82, 5.73, 1.05, 4.16, and 1.08, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01); compared with that in PMA alone group, the positive expression rate of CD63 protein in the neutrophils and the protein expression levels of HBP and MPO in the culture supernatant of cells in rTIMP-1+PMA group were all significantly decreased (with t values of 5.26, 2.83, and 1.26, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: The expression level of HBP in the plasma of severe burn patients is increased during shock stage. HBP can induce HUVECs to secrete TIMP-1 in vitro, and TIMP-1 can reduce the expression of CD63 molecule in human neutrophils.

Development of an improved virus plaque assay based on avicel / 生物工程学报

Avicel is made of a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and used for virus plaque assay. The avicel in common use is produced by FMC Biopolymer. Due to the relatively fixed proportion of MCC and CMC, avicel in common use is not suitable for plaque determination experiment of all types of viruses. In this study, we evaluated the effect of avicel made of different proportions of MCC and CMC on virus plaque assay, and developed an improved avicel virus plaque assay featured with simple and convenient operation, good practicability and high stability. To generate avicel overlays with different proportions of MCC and CMC, twelve different 2×avicel solutions were prepared. Their overall viscosity and bottom viscosity were measured to evaluate the ease of operation. The results showed that most of the 2×avicel solutions (except the 4.8% MCC+1.4% CMC and 4.8% MCC+1.0% CMC group) were easy to absorb and prepare nutrient overlap than 2×CMC solution. In order to find the best scheme to detect the titer of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), these avicel overlay solutions with different proportion of MCC and CMC were used as a replacement in the standard plaque assay. By comparing the size, clarity, stability and titer accuracy of virus plaque, we identified that 0.6% MCC and 0.7% CMC was the most preferable composition of avicel overlay for PEDV plaque assay. In conclusion, we developed an improved virus plaque assay based on avicel, which may facilitate the research of virus etiology, antiviral drugs and vaccines.

Specific antitumor activity and mechanism of protonic bis-phenanthroline / 药学学报

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor worldwise. The incidence rate of HCC is high and is easy to metastasis and recurrence, which seriously affects human health. Traditional chemical drugs have some challenges such as toxicity, side effects, and multidrug resistance, thus it is urgent to find new drugs and effective targets. Here we synthesized a novel chemical, protonic bis-phenanthroline (H-BP), and the antitumor effect was investigated in the study. The results showed that H-BP could selectively inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and cause HCC apoptosis. And also, in HCC tumor-bearing mice, H-BP could effectively prevent the growth of tumor mass, even completely eliminate the tumor at medium dose (5 mg·kg-1) and high dose (10 mg·kg-1), and meanwhile H-BP has no significant effect on the body weight of mice. The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest University, and the experimental operation was strictly carried out in accordance with the ethical principles of animal use and care. Mechanism studies showed that H-BP induced HCC apoptosis was related to down-regulation the expression of pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2), a oncogene transcription factor, resulting in the down-regulation of PLAGL2 downstream proteins hypoxia inducible factor and β-catenin. This study not only introduces the dimerization method to form novel compounds that will provide a new approach for drug design, but also suggests that PLAGL2 may be an effective target in tumor therapy.